Publications

Publications may be requested by writing to the program coordinator at the address below. The articles are available free of charge to South Carolina residents. A charge of $0.25 per page (actual number is provided in parenthesis after each reference) is required from out of state residents to help defray the cost of printing and mailing. Prepayment in US funds is requested. If an invoice is needed, please call (843) 837-3795 ext 121, fax your request (24 hours) (843) 837-3487.

Marine Resources Division
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
James M. Waddell Jr. Mariculture Research and Development Center
POB 809
Bluffton, South Carolina 29910 USA.

 

Miscellaneous Aquaculture

Baird, M.L., T.I.J. Smith & W.E. Jenkins. 1993. Evaluation of control techniques for avian predators of pond-reared fishes. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. 47:580-587, (8).

Castro, W.E., P.B. Zielinski, and P.A. Sandifer. 1975. Performance characteristics of air lift pumps of short length and small diameter. Proc. World Mariculture Soc. 6: 451-561, (6).

Hopkins, J.S. 1993. A decade of research and development on the South Carolina coast: activities of the Waddell Mariculture Center. Water Farming Journal 8(15)7-12, (3).

Hopkins, J.S. A.D. Stokes & J.M. Whetstone. 1995. System design and management practices for sustainable aquaculture. 7pp, (7).

Manzi, J.J. 1989. Aquaculture research priorities for the 1990s. World Aquaculture. Vol. 20(2):29-32, (4).

Manzi, J.J., R.P. Romaire, and R. Stevens. 1989. Aquaculture production systems: Research and development trends in the U.S. Int. J. Aq. Fish. Technol., Vol. 1(2)118-124, (7).

Rhodes, R.J. 1991. Economics of aquaculture production: Financial feasibility. Pages 192-208 in: J. E. Hargreaves and D. E. Alston (eds.). Status and Potential of Aquaculture in the Caribbean. World Aquaculture Society. Baton Rouge, LA, (9).

Sandifer, P.A. 1979. The necessity for aquaculture development. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 13 (3): 35-39, (5).

Sandifer, P.A. 1988. Aquaculture in the West: A perspective. J. World Aquaculture Soc. 19 (2): 73-84, (12).

Sandifer, P.A. 1991. Species with aquaculture potential for the Caribbean. Pages 30-53 in: J. E. Hargreaves and D. E. Alston (eds.). Status and Potential of Aquaculture in the Caribbean. World Aquaculture Society. Baton Rouge, LA, (16).

Smith, T.I.J., J.S. Hopkins and P.A. Sandifer. 1978. Development of a large scale Artemia hatching system utilizing recirculated water. Journal of the World Mariculture Society 9:701-714, (8).

Smith, T.I.J., J.S. Hopkins, and P.A. Sandifer. 1986. Potential for fish culture in coastal wetlands of the Southern United States. Unpublished MS. 18pp, (18).

Crustaceans

Misc. Crustacean

Bearden, C.M., D.M. Cupka, C.R. Farmer, J.D. Whitaker and J.S. Hopkins. 1979. Information on establishing a soft-shell crab operation in South Carolina. Marine Resources Division Special Publication. 21pp, (22).

Berg, A.B.V. and P.A. Sandifer. 1984. Mating behavior of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis (Decapoda, Caridea). J. Crustacean Biol. 4 (3): 417-424, (8).

Sandifer, P.A. 1986. Some recent advances in the culture of crustaceans. pp. 143-171. In: M. Bilio, H. Rosenthal, and C. J. Sindermann (eds.). Realism in Aquaculture: Achievements, Constraints, Perspectives. European Aquaculture Soc., Bredene, Belgium, (15).

Sandifer, P.A. 1994. U. S. coastal aquaculture: flirting with opportunity. Water Farming Journal 8(4): 3-6, 9-16, (5).

Sandifer, P.A. & T.I.J. Smith. 1974. Development of a crustacean mariculture program at South Carolina's Marine Resources Research Institute. Proc. World Maricul. Soc. 5:431-439, (5).

Sandifer, P.A. & T.I.J. Smith. 1979. Possible significance of variations in the larval development of Palaemonid shrimp. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 39:55-64, (20).

Sandifer, P.A. and J.E. Williams. 1980. Comparison of Artemia nauplii and non-living diets as food for larval grass shrimp, Palaemonetes spp. pp. 353-364. In: G. Persoone, P. Sorgeloos, O. Roels and E. Jaspers (eds). The Brine Shrimp Artemia. Vol. 3. Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture. Universal Press, Wetteren, Belgium, (12).

Sandifer, P.A. T.I.J. Smith & D.R. Calder. 1974. Hydrozoans as pests in closed system culture of larval decapod crustaceans. Aquaculture 4(1):55-59, (5).

Sandifer, P.A., P.B. Zielinski, and W.E. Castro. 1974. A simple airlift-operated tank for closed system culture of decapod crustacean larvae and other small aquatic animals. Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters 26 (1): 82-87, (6).

Sandifer, P.A., P.B. Zielinski, and W.E. Castro. 1975. Enhanced survival of larval grass shrimp in dilute solutions of the synthetic polymer, polyethylene oxide. NOAA Fish. Bull. 73: 678-680, (3).

Shealy, M.H., Jr. and P.A. Sandifer. 1975. Effects of mercury on survival and development of larval grass shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris. Mar. Biol. 33: 7-16, (10).

Freshwater Shrimp

Bauer, L.L., P.A. Sandifer, T.I.J. Smith & W.E. Jenkins. 1983. Economic feasibility of Macrobrachium production in South Carolina. J. Aqua. Eng. 2(3):181-202, (11).

Dougherty, W.J. and P.A. Sandifer. 1984. Junctional relationships between germinal cells and sustentacular cells in the testes of a palaemonid shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Tissue and Cell 16 (1):115-124, (6)

Harris, S.E.G. and P.A. Sandifer. 1986. Sperm production and the effects of electrically induced spermatophore expression in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Crustacean Biol. 6 (4): 633-647, (15).

Liao, D.S. & T.I.J. Smith. 1981. Test marketing of freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in South Carolina. Aquaculture 23:373-379, (4).

Liao, D.S. & T.I.J. Smith. 1982. Marketing of cultured prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in South Carolina. J. World Maricult. Soc. 12(2):78-87, (4).

Liao, D.S. & T.I.J. Smith. 1983. Economic analysis of small-scale prawn farming in South Carolina. J. World Maricul. Soc. 14:441-450, (5).

Liao, D.S & T.I.J Smith. 1983. Testing consumer acceptability of cultured prawns. INFOFISH Marketing Digest 1 (83):30-33, (4).

Liao, D.S., T.I.J. Smith & P.A. Sandifer. 1982. Economic, market and technical considerations for prawn farming in South Carolina. Pp.139-142. Proceedings, 7th Annual Tropical and Subtropical Fish. Tech. Conf. Of the Americas, 1982, New Orleans, LA. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Sea Grant Program. 1982, (4).

Liao, D.S., T.I.J. Smith & F.S. Taylor. 1981. The marketability of prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in restaurants in South Carolina: a preliminary analysis. Proc. Trop. & Subtrop. Fish Tech. Conf. of the Americas. 6:38-41, (4).

Manzi, J.J., M.B. Maddox, and P.A. Sandifer. 1977. Algal supplement enhancement of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) larviculture. Proc. World Mariculture Soc. 8: 207-223, (9).

Malecha, S.R., P.A. Sandifer, L. Cotsapas, L. de Parseval, L. D'Abramo, E.R. MacMichael, T. Desmond, and D. Zacarias. 1989. Potential application to Brazil of recent advances in the culture of marine shrimp and freshwater prawns. I. Freshwater prawn grow-out technology. pp. 33-47. In: III Sicuposio Brasileiro Fobre Cultiro de Camarao. Anais Vol. II. Camarao de Agua Doce e Outros. Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil (8).

Sandifer, P.A. and J.W. Lynn. 1980. Artificial insemination of caridean shrimp. pp. 271-288. In: W. H. Clark, Jr. and T. S. Adams (eds.), Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction. Elsevier Press, (10).

Sandifer, P.A. and T.I.J. Smith. 1975. Effects of population density on growth and survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii reared in recirculating water management systems. Proc. World Maricul. Soc. 6:43-53, (6).

Sandifer, P.A. & T.I.J. Smith. 1976. Experimental aquaculture of the Malaysian prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in South Carolina, USA. Pp 306-311. T.V.R. Pillay and W.A. Dills (ed.) Advances in Aquaculture: FAO Tech. Conf. On Aquaculture, Kyoto, Japan, 26 May -2 June, 1976. Farnham, Surrey, England: Fishing New Books Ltd., 1979, (4).

Sandifer, P.A. & T.I.J. Smith. 1977. Intensive rearing of postlarval Malaysian prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in a closed cycle nursery system. Proc. World Maricul. Soc. 8:225-235, (6).

Sandifer, P.A. & T.I.J. Smith. 1977. Preliminary observations on a short claw growth form of the Malaysian prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan). Proc. Nat. Shellfish Assoc. (Abstract), 67:123-124, (1).

Sandifer, P.A. & T.I.J. Smith. 1978. Aquaculture of Malaysian prawns in controlled environments. Food Tech. 32(7):36-38, 40-42, 44-45, 83, (9).

Sandifer, P.A. & T.I.J. Smith. 1979. A method for artificial insemination of Macrobrachium prawns and its potential use in inheritance and hybridization studies. Proc. World Maricul. Soc. 10:403-418, (9).

Sandifer, P.A. & T.I.J. Smith. 1985. Freshwater prawns. Pp. 63-125. J.V. Huner and E.E. Brown (eds.), Crustacean and Mollusk Aquaculture in the United States, AVI Publishing Co., In., Westport, CT, (28).

Sandifer, P.A., J.S. Hopkins & T.I.J. Smith. 1975. Observations on salinity tolerance and osmoregulation in laboratory-reared Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae. (Crustacea:Caridea). Aquaculture 6:103-114, (12).

Sandifer, P.A., J.S. Hopkins, T.I.J. Smith. 1977. Reduction of juveniles: status of Macrobrachium hatcheries, 1976. Pp. 220-0231. J.A. Hanson & H.L. Goddwin (eds.), Shrimp and prawn farming in the Western hemisphere. Stroudsburg, PA Dowden, Hutchinson, Ross, Inc. 1977, (12).

Sandifer, P.A., T.I.J. Smith & L.L. Bauer. 1982. Economic comparison of stocking and marketing strategies for aquaculture of prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan), in South Carolina, USA. Proc. Symposium on Coastal Aquaculture (Cochins, India, 1982) I:88-97, (18).

Sandifer, P.A., T.I.J. Smith, W.E. Jenkins & A.D. Stokes. 1983. Seasonal culture of freshwater prawns in South Carolina. J.P. McVey (ed.) Mariculture, CRC Series in Marine Science: 189-204, (16).

Sandifer, P.A., T.I.J. Smith, A.D. Stokes & W.E. Jenkins. 1982. Semi-intensive grow-out prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii): preliminary results and prospects. Pp. 161-172. M.B. New (ed.) Giant Prawn Farming, Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co, (10).

Smith, T.I.J & J.S. Hopkins. 1977. An apparatus for separating postlarval prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from mixed populations. Aquaculture 11:273-278, (6).

Smith, T.I.J. & J.S. Hopkins. 1977. Tank designed for hatching and collecting larvae of the giant Malaysian prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Prog. Fish-Cult. 39(4) 182-183, (1).

Smith, T.I.J. & P.A. Sandifer. 1975. Increased production of tank-reared Macrobrachium rosenbergii through use of artificial substrates. Proc. World Mariculture Soc. 6:55-66, (7).

Smith, T.I.J. & P.A. Sandifer. 1978. Observations on the behavior of the Malaysian prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan), to artificial habitats. Mar. Behav. Physiol. 6:131-146, (n/c).

Smith, T.I.J & P.A. Sandifer. 1979. Breeding depressions in culture ponds for Malaysian prawns. Aquaculture 18:51-57, (7).

Smith, T.I.J & P.A. Sandifer. 1979. Development and potential of nursery systems in the farming of Malaysian prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan). Proc. World Maricult. Soc. 10:369-384 , (9).

Smith, T.I.J. & P.A. Sandifer. 1982. Influence of three stocking strategies on the production of Prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), in South Carolina, USA. Proc. Symposium on Coastal Aquaculture (Cochin, India. 1982) I:88-97, (21).

Smith, T.I.J & P.A. Sandifer. 1983. Development of prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms in temperate climates: prospects and problems in the USA. Proc., 1st International Conf. On Warm Water Aquaculture - Crustacea, Brigham Young Univ. 1:109-126, (34).

Smith, T.I.J. & A. W. Wannamaker. 1983. Shipping studies with juvenile and adult Malaysian prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) J. Aqua. Eng 2(4):287-300, (8).

Smith, T.I.J, W.E. Jenkins & P.A. Sandifer. 1983. Enclosed prawn nursery systems and effects of stocking juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii in ponds. J. World Aquaculture Soc. 14:111-125, (8).

Smith, T.I.J., P.A.Sandifer & W.E. Jenkins. 1982. Growth and survival of prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, pond-reared at different salinities. M.B. New (Ed.), Giant Prawn Farming, Elesevier Scientific Pub. Co., (20)

Smith, T.I.J., P.A. Sandifer, W.E.Jenkins & A.D. Stokes. 1981. Effect of population structure and density at stocking on production and commercial feasibility of prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in the temperate climates. Proc. World Mariculture Soc. 12(1):233-250, (10).

Smith, T.I.J., P.A.Sandifer, W.E. Jenkins, A.D.Stokes & G. Murray. 1982. Pond rearing trials with Malaysian prawns by private growers in South Carolina, 1981. J. World Maricul. Soc. 13:41-55, (8).

Smith, T.I.J., P.A. Sandifer & J.J. Manzi. 1979. Epibionts of pond-reared adult Malaysian prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan), in South Carolina. Aquaculture 16:299-308, (6).

Smith, T.I.J., P.A. Sandifer & M.H. Smith. 1978. Population structure of Malaysian prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), reared in earthen ponds in South Carolina, 1974. 1976. Proc. World Maricul. Soc. 9:21-38, (9).

Smith, T.I.J., P.A. Sandifer, and W.C. Trimble. 1976. Progress in developing a recirculating synthetic seawater hatchery for rearing larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. pp. 167-181. In: H. H. Webber and G. D. Ruggieri (eds.), Food-Drugs from the Sea, Proceedings 1974 (Puerto Rico). Mar. Technol. Soc., Washington, D. C. (14).

Smith, T.I.J, P.A. Sandifer and W.C. Trimble. 1976. Pond culture of the Malaysian prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), in South Carolina, 1974-75. Proc. World Maricul. Soc. 7:625-645, (11).

Smith, T.I.J., W. Waltz & P.A. Sandifer. 1980. Processing yields for Malaysian prawns and the implications. Proc. World Maricul. Soc. 11:557-569, (7).

Trimble, W.C. and P.A. Sandifer. 1977. Bibliography, the biology and culture of the freshwater prawn (genus Macrobrachium). pp. 385-439. In: J. A. Hanson and H. L. Goodwin (eds.), Shrimp and Prawn Farming in the Western Hemisphere. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc. Stroudsburg, PA. (54)

Zielinski, P.B., W.E. Castro, and P.A. Sandifer. 1974. The evaluation and optimization of Macrobrachium shrimp larvae tank designs and support systems. Proc. World Mariculture Soc. 5: 41-50, (6).

Zielinski, P.B., W.E. Castro, and P.A. Sandifer. 1976. Model flow studies of a rectangular shrimp larval tank. Proc. World Mariculture Soc. 7: 583-605, (12).

Zielinski, P.B., W.E. Castro, and P.A. Sandifer. 1978. Engineering considerations in the aquaculture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in South Carolina. Trans. American Soc. Agric. Eng. 21 (2): 391-394, 398, (5).

Marine Shrimp

Bratvold, D. and C.L. Browdy. 1998. Simple electrometric methods for estimating microbial activity in aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture Engineering 19:29-40, (n/c).

Bratvold, D., J. Lu, and C.L.Browdy. 1999. Disinfection, microbial community estabishment and shrimp production in a prototype biosecure pond. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 30:422-432, (6).

Browdy, C.L. 1992. A review of the reproductive biology of Penaeus species: Perspectives on controlled shrimp maturation systems for high quality nauplii production. In: Proceedings of the Special Session on Shrimp Farming, J. Wyban Ed. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA. PP. 22-51, (29).

Browdy, C.L. 1996. Development of captive breeding programs for penaeid shrimp. Asian Shrimp News 25:2-3, (2).

Browdy, C.L. 1998. Recent developments in penaeid broodstock and seed production technologies: Improving the outlook for superior captive stocks. Aquaculture 164:3-21, (n/c).

Browdy, C.L. and D. Bratvold. 1997. Pond microbial communities: significance, assessment, and management. Proceedings of the Fourth Ecuadorian Aquaculture Conference, Guayaquil, Ecuador, (12).

Browdy, C.L. and D. Bratvold. 1998. Preliminary development of a biosecure shrimp production system. In: Moss, S.M. ed. Proceedings of the US Marine Shrimp Farming Program Biosecurity Workshop February 14, 1998. The Oceanic Institute, Waimanalo, Hawaii, USA. Pp. 19-38, (20).

Browdy, C.L. and A.F. Holland. 1998. Shrimp virus risk management: A South Carolina case study. Aquatic Nuisance Species Digest 2:25-35, (4).

Browdy, C.L. and C.Q. Jiang. 1997. Live shipment of the marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei without water. In: B. Paust (ed.). Proceedings of marketing and shipping live aquatic products conference. (Seattle Washington, October 13-15, 1996). Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service, Ithaca, New York, (10).

Browdy, C.L., D. Bratvold, J.S. Hopkins and P.A. Sandifer. 1997. Aspects of microbial ecology and shrimp pond management. Pages 138-139 in: D.E. Alston, B.W. Green and H.C. Clifford, editors, IV Simposium on Aquaculture in Central America: Focusing on Shrimp and Tilapia. Asociation National de Aquicultores de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, (4).

Browdy, C.L., D. Bratvold, J.S. Hopkins and A.D. Stokes. 1998. Progressive pond management strategies for improving sustainable shrimp production. Proceedings of the 1st Latin American Shrimp Culture Congress. Panama City, Panama, (7).

Browdy, C.L., J.D. Holloway, C.O. King, A.D. Stokes, J.S. Hopkins and P.A. Sandifer, 1993. IHHN virus and intensive culture of Penaeus vannamei: Effects of stocking density and water exchange rates. Journal of Crustacean Biology 13:87-94, (8).

Browdy, C.L., J.S. Hopkins, R.J. Rhodes, A.D. Stokes, and P.A. Sandifer. 1994. Improving the outlook for profitability of shrimp culture in South Carolina: maturation to marketing. In: T. McIlwain and G. Pruder eds. U.S. Marine Shrimp Farming Program 10th Anniversary Review. Special Publication No. 1 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, MI USA Pages 35-46, (10).

Browdy, C.L., McGovern-Hopkins, K. J.S. Hopkins, A.D. Stokes and Sandifer, P.A. 1996. Factors affecting the reproductive performance of the Atlantic white shrimp Penaeus setiferus in conventional and unisex tank systems. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 6:11-25, (15).

Browdy, C.L., A.D. Stokes, J.S. Hopkins and P.A. Sandifer. 1995. Improving sustainability of shrimp pond water resource utilization. Proceedings of the Third Ecuadorian Aquaculture Conference, Guayaquil, Ecuador, (10).

Browdy, C.L., A.D. Stokes and P.A. Sandifer. 1996. Shrimp Farm Management: Meeting the Challenges Proceedings of the International Forum of Shrimp Culture 96'. Banco de Mexico, FIRA, Division de Pesca. Morelia, Mich., Mexico, (16).

Chamberlain, G.W. and J.S. Hopkins. 1994. Reducing water use and feed cost in intensive shrimp ponds. World Aquaculture 25(3)29-32, (4).

Chow, S. and P.A. Sandifer. 1991. Differences in growth, morphometric traits, and male sexual maturity among Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, from different commercial hatcheries. Aquaculture 92:65-178, (14).

Chow, S., C.L. Browdy and P.A. Sandifer. 1993. Timing of ovulation in the Atlantic white shrimp Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1761)(Decapoda, Penaeidea). Crustaceana 64:242-248, (7).

Chow, S., M.M. Dougherty, W.J. Dougherty and P. A. Sandifer. 1991. Spermatophore formation in the white shrimps Penaeus setiferus and P. vannamei. Journal of Crustacean Biology 11:201-216, (16).

Chow, S., W.J. Dougherty and Paul A. Sandifer. 1990. Meiotic chromosome complements and nuclear DNA contents of four species of shrimps of the genus Penaeus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 10:29-36, (8).

Chow, S., W.J. Dougherty, and P.A. Sandifer. 1991. Unusual testicular lobe system in the white shrimps, Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1761) and P. vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda: Crustacea): a new character for Dendrobranchiata? Crustaceana 60 (3): 304-318, (15).

Chow, S., P.A. Sandifer, W.J. Dougherty, and M.M. Dougherty. 1989. Spermatophore formation in penaeid shrimps. pp. 623-626 in Proc. 2nd Asian Fisheries Forum, 17-22 April 1989, Tokyo, Japan (4).

Dufault, R.J., A. Korkmaz, S. Hopkins and P.A. Sandifer. 1998. Shrimp biosolids from aquaculture are a valuable fertilizer ammendment for bell pepper production. Proceedings of the National Pepper Conference 46-47. (2)

Hopkins, J.S. 1986. Various aspects of the aquaculture industry in Taiwan with special reference to commercial culture of the grass prawn Penaeus monodon. manuscript summarized in Aquaculture Digest 11:11, November 1986, (52).

Hopkins, J.S. 1991. Status and history of marine and freshwater shrimp farming in South Carolina and Florida. Pages 17-35 In: P.A. Sandifer, ed. Shrimp Culture in North America and the Caribbean. World Aquaculture Society. Baton Rouge, LA, (14).

Hopkins, J.S. 1992. Shrimp culture in the United States. Pages 817-835 In: A.W. Fast and L.J. Lester, eds. Culture of Marine Shrimp: Principles and Practices. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, (10).

Hopkins, J.S. 1994. An apparatus for removal of sludge and foam fractions in intensive shrimp ponds. Progressive Fish Culturist 56:135-139, (5).

Hopkins, J.S. 1996 Aquaculture sustainability: avoiding the pitfalls of the green revolution. World Aquaculture 27(2)13-15, (8).

Hopkins, J.S. & P.A. Sandifer. 1995. Progress towards resolution of sustainability issues in South Carolina shrimp aquaculture. Pages 175-184 In:Proceedings of the PACON conference on Sustainable Aquaculture 95 (Honolulu HI June 11-14, 1995). PACON International, Honolulu, HI, USA, (9).

Hopkins, J.S. & A.D. Stokes. 1995. Shrimp farming: a nucleus in South Carolina. 9pp, (8).

Hopkins, J.S., and J. Villal—n. 1992. Synopsis of industrial panel input on shrimp pond management. pp. 138-143 In: J.A. Wyban, ed. Proceedings of the Special Session on Shrimp Farming. World Aquaculture Society. Baton Rouge, LA, (6).

Hopkins, J.S., C.L. Browdy, R.D. Hamilton II and J.A Heffernan III. 1995. The effect of low rate sand filtration and modified feed management on effluent quality, pond water quality and production of intensive shrimp ponds. Estuaries 18:116-123, (8).

Hopkins, J.S., C.L. Browdy, P.A. Sandifer and A.D. Stokes. 1995. Effect of two feed protein levels and two feed rate, stocking density combinations on water quality and production in intensive shrimp ponds operated without water exchange. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 26:93-97, (5).

Hopkins, J.S., M.R. DeVoe, P.A. Sandifer, A.F. Holland and C.L. Browdy. 1995. The environmental impacts of shrimp farming with special reference to the situation in the continental U.S. Estuaries 18:25-42, (18).

Hopkins, J.S., R.D. Hamilton II, P.A Sandifer and C.L. Browdy. 1993. The production of bivalve mollusks in intensive shrimp ponds and their effect on shrimp production and water quality. World Aquaculture Magazine, 24(2):74-77, (14).

Hopkins, J.S., R.D. Hamilton II, P.A. Sandifer, C.L. Browdy and A.D. Stokes. 1993. Effect of water exchange rate on production, water quality, effluent characteristics and nitrogen budgets of intensive shrimp ponds. Journal of the World Mariculture Society 24:304-320, (16).

Hopkins, J.S., J.D. Holloway, P.A. Sandifer and C.L. Browdy. 1997. Results of recent controlled comparisons of intensive shrimp ponds operated with and without water exchange. Pages 157-158 in: D.E. Alston, B.W. Green and H.C. Clifford, editors, IV Simposium on Aquaculture in Central America: Focusing on Shrimp and Tilapia. Asociation National de Aquicultores de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, (2).

Hopkins, J.S., P.A. Sandifer and C.L. Browdy. 1995. A review of water management regimes which abate the environmental impacts of shrimp farming. In: Browdy, C.L. and Hopkins, J.S. (eds.). Swimming Through Troubled Water, Proceedings of the Special Session on Shrimp Farming, Aquaculture '95. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA USA pp. 66-75, (10).

Hopkins, J.S., P.A. Sandifer and C.L. Browdy. 1995. Resolution of sustainability issues in South Carolina shrimp aquaculture: Progress to date and future direction. Pages 131-138 In: B.J. Keller et al. eds. Proceedings of the 24th US-Japan Aquaculture Panel Symposium. Corpus Christi, Texas, October 8-10, 1995. UNJR Technical Report No. 24. NOAA, Washington DC, USA, (10).

Hopkins, J.S., P.A. Sandifer, C.L. Browdy, and J.D. Holloway. 1996. Comparison of exchange and no-exchange water management for the intensive culture of marine shrimp. Journal of Shellfish Research 13:441-445, (5).

Hopkins, J.S., P.A. Sandifer, C.L. Browdy and A.D. Stokes. 1994. Sludge management in intensive pond culture of shrimp: Effect of management regime on water quality, sludge characteristics, nitrogen extinction and shrimp production. Aquaculture Engineering 13:11-30, (11).

Hopkins, J.S., A.D. Stokes, C.L. Browdy, and P.A. Sandifer. 1992. The relationship between feeding rate, paddlewheel aeration rate and expected dawn dissolved oxygen in intensive shrimp ponds. Aquacultural Engineering 10:281-290, (6).

Lotz, J.M., C.L. Browdy, W.H. Carr, P.F. Frelier and D.V. Lightner. 1995. USMSFP suggested procedures and guidelines for assuring the specific pathogen status of shrimp broodstock and seed. In: Browdy, C.L. and Hopkins, J.S. (eds.). Swimming Through Troubled Water, Proceedings of the Special Session on Shrimp Farming, Aquaculture '95. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA USA pp. 157-166, (10).

Misamore, M. and C.L. Browdy. 1996. Mating behavior in the White Shrimps P. setiferus and P. vannamei: A generalized model for Penaeus mating. Journal of Crustacean Biology 16:61-70, (6).

Misamore, M. and C.L. Browdy. 1997. Evaluating the hybridization potential between P. setiferus and P. vannamei through natural mating, artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. Aquaculture 150:1-10, (6).

Naessens, E.P. Lavens, L. Gomez, C.L. Browdy, K. McGovern-Hopkins, A.W. Spencer, D. Kawahigashi, and P. Sorgeloos. 1997. Maturation performance of Penaeus vannamei co-fed Artemia biomass preparations. Aquaculture 155:87-101, (8).

Rhodes, R.J. 1991. Will US shrimp farms survive?: The South Carolina Experience. Pages 202-215 in: P.A. Sandifer, ed. Shrimp Culture in North America and the Caribbean. World Aquaculture Society. Baton Rouge, LA, (7).

Rhodes, R.J. & V.N. Grant. 1992. Mail survey of the United States seafood wholesale market channel with an emphasis on whole farmed marine shrimp. S.C. Marine Resources Division Tech Rep. No. 79. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston SC. USA 68pp., (73).

Rhodes, R.J., V.N Green & P.A. Sandifer. 1990. Whole marine shrimp usage and preferences in the United States wholesale market sector. Pages 449-463 In: Proceedings of the tropical and Subtropical Fisheries technological Conference of the Americas. Florida Sea grant, Gainesville, FL USA, (16).

Rhodes, R.J., K. McGovern-Hopkins and C.L. Browdy. 1992. Preliminary financial feasibility analysis of an independent marine shrimp hatchery located in South Carolina. S.C. Marine Resources Division Tech Rep. No. 80. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Charleston SC. USA 11pp., (15).

Rhodes, R.J., P.A. Sandifer, and J.M. Whetstone. 1987. A preliminary financial analysis of semi-intensive penaeid shrimp farming in South Carolina. South Carolina Marine Resources Center, Technical Report 64, 23 pp. (27)

Rhodes, R.J., S. Sureshwaran, C. Greene, C.L. Browdy, J.D. Holloway Jr., and T.M. Samocha. 1995. Production effects of a greenhouse enclosed nursery system on the projected financial performance of a South Carolina marine shrimp farm. S.C. Marine Resources Division Tech Rep. No. 85. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston SC. USA 19pp., (20).

Sandifer, P.A. and J.S. Hopkins. 1996. Conceptual design of a sustainable pond-based culture system. Aquacultural Engineering 15:41-52, (5).

Sandifer, P.A., J.S. Hopkins, L. Cotsapas, S.R. Malecha, E.R. MacMichael, and T. Desmond. 1989. Potential application to Brazil of recent advances in the culture of marine shrimp and freshwater prawns. II. Marine shrimp grow-out technology, a review. pp. 269-285. In: III Sicuposio Brasileiro Fobre Cultiro de Camarao. Anais Vol. I. Camarao de Mariuho . Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil, (9).

Sandifer, P.A., J.S. Hopkins, and A.D. Stokes. 1987. Intensive culture potential of Penaeus vannamei. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 18(2): 94-100, (5).

Sandifer, P.A., J.S. Hopkins, and A.D. Stokes. 1988. Intensification of shrimp culture in earthen ponds in South Carolina: Progress and Prospects. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 19(4): 218-226, (3).

Sandifer, P.A., J.S. Hopkins, A.D. Stokes and C.L. Browdy, 1993. Preliminary comparisons of the native (Penaeus setiferus) and Pacific (P. vannamei) white shrimp for pond culture in South Carolina. Journal of the World Mariculture Society 24:295-303, (3).

Sandifer, P.A., J.S. Hopkins, A.D. Stokes, and G.D. Pruder. 1991. Technological advances in intensive pond culture of shrimp in the United States. in: Frontiers in Shrimp Research, ed. P. DeLoach, W.J. Dougherty and M.A. Davidson, Elsevier Science Pub., Amsterdam. pp 241-256, (8).

Sandifer, P.A., A.L. Lawrence, S.G. Harris, G.W. Chamberlain, A.D. Stokes & W.A. Bray. 1984. Electrical stimulation of spermatophore expulsion in marine shrimp, Penaeus spp. Aquaculture 41:181-187, (7).

Sandifer, P.A., A.D. Stokes, J.S. Hopkins, and R.A. Smiley. 1991. Further intensification of pond shrimp culture in South Carolina. in: Shrimp Culture in North America and the Caribbean, ed. P.S. Sandifer, World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA. pp 84-95, (3).

Smith, T.I.J. and B. Ribelin. 1984. Stocking density effects on shipped postlarval shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Progressive Fish Culturist 46(1):47-50, (2).

Sureshwaran, S., C. Greene, R.J. Rhodes, C.L. Browdy and A. Stokes. 1994. Financial viability of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei with continuous live harvesting and one final harvest strategies in South Carolina. S.C. Marine Resources Division Tech Rep. No. 84. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston SC. USA 15pp, (15).

Wang, Q., M. Misamore, C. Jiang, and C.L. Browdy. 1995. Egg water induced reaction and biostain assay of sperm from marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei: dietary effects on sperm quality. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 26:261-271, (4).

Whetstone, J.M., E.J. Olmi, III, P.A. Sandifer & A.D. Stokes1988. Management of existing salt marsh impoundments in South Carolina for shrimp aquaculture and its implications.Pages 327-338 In: D.D. Hook et al. eds. The Ecology and Management of Wetlands. Volume 2: Management, Use and Value of Wetlands. Timber Press, Portland Oregon, USA, (4).

Finfish

Misc. Finfish

Smith, T.I.J., J.S. Hopkins, and P.A. Sandifer. 1988. Potential for fish culture in coastal wetlands of the southern U. S. pp. 339-350. In: D. D. Hook et al. (eds.). The Ecology and Management of Wetlands, Vol. 2: Management, Use and Value of Wetlands. Croom Helm, London; Timber Press, Portland, OR, 394 pp. (13)

Smith, T.I.J., P.A. Sandifer, W.E. Jenkins, J.S. Hopkins and A.D. Stokes. 1988. Overview of finfish aquaculture research at South Carolina's Marine Resources Research Institute. Proceedings Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 38: 177-194, (30).

Flounder

Berlinsky, D.L., W. King V, T.I.J. Smith, R.D. Hamilton II, J. Holloway, Jr., C.V. Sullivan 1996. Induced ovulation of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma using gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue implants. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27:143-152, (9).

Jenkins, W. E. , T. I. J. Smith, C. V. Sullivan, and D. L. Berlinsky. 1997. Production of southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) juveniles in an outdoor nursery pond. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 28:211-214, (n/c ).

Smith, T. I. J., W. E. Jenkins and M. R. Denson. 1998. Tank and pond nursery production of juvenile southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma. pp. 21-32. In: W.H. Howell, B.J. Keller, P.K. Park, J.P. McVey, K. Takayanagi,and Y. Uekita (eds.), Nutrition and Technical Development of Aquaculture. UJNR Tech. Rep. No. 26, Univ. New Hampshire Sea Grant College Prog., Durham, NH, (12).

Red Drum

Hopkins, J.S. 1987. Semi-intensive grow-out in saltwater. Texas A&M Sea Grant College Program. Red Drum Aquaculture. Pp. 170-177, (8).

Hopkins, J.S., T.I.J. Smith, A.D. Stokes & P.A. Sandifer. 1988. Winter survival of fingerling red drum (Scianops ocellatus) in South Carolina culture ponds. Contributions in Marine Science. (1988) Suppl. to Vol. 30:5-10, (3).

Hopkins, J.S., A.D. Stokes, P.A. Sandifer, R.A. Smiley & T.R. McTeer. 1986. Spawning and growout trials with red drum in South Carolina. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 40:178-186, (5).

Jahncke, M., M.B. Hale, J.A. Gooch & J.S. Hopkins. 1988. Comparison of pond-raised and wild red drum (Scianops ocellatus) with respect to proximate composition, fatty acid profiles and sensory evaluations. Journal of Food Science 53:286-287, (12).

Jahnke, M.L., T.I.J. Smith & G.T. Seaborn. 1988. Use of fatty acid profiles to distinguish cultured from wild fish: a possible law enforcement tool. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 42:546-553, (16).

Jenkins, W.E. & T.I.J. Smith. 1990. Use of PIT tags to individually identify striped bass and red drum broodstock. American Fisheries Society Symposium. 7:341-345, (3).

Jenkins, W. E., M. R. Denson, M. R. Collins and T. I. J. Smith. 1997. Differentiating between hatchery and wild red drum by the position of first annulus on sagitta. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17:1001-1004, (n/c).

Sandifer,P.A., J.S. Hopkins, A.D. Stokes & R.D. Smiley. 1993. Experimental pond growout of red drum (Scianops ocellatus) in South Carolina. Aquaculture 118:217-228, (7).

Smith, T.I.J., W.E. Jenkins, and M.R. Denson. 1997. Overview of an experimental stock enhancement program for red drum in South Carolina. Bull. Natl. Res. Inst. Aquacult., Suppl. 3: 109-115, (n/c).

Stokes, A.D. & T.I.J. Smith. 1987. Semi-intensive pond management methods. Texas A&M Sea Grant College Program, 1987. Red Drum Aquaculture. Pp. 178-181, (4).

Striped Bass

Ashe, D., J.R. Tomasso, A.G. Eversole & T.I.J. Smith. 1996. Toxicity of ammonia to fingerling white bass: effect of selected environments on uptake dynamics. The Prog. Fish-Cult. 58:277-280, (3).

Berlinsky, D.L., L.F. Jackson, T.I.J. Smith & C.V. Sullivan. 1995. The annual reproductive cycle of white bass, Morone chrysops. J. World Aqua. Soc. 26:252-260, (6).

Denson, M.R. & T.I.J. Smith. 1996. Larval rearing and weaning techniques for white bass Morone chrysops. J. World Maricul. Soc. 27:194-201, (5).

Fair, P.H., W.P. Williams, T.I.J. Smith. 1993. Effect of dietary menhaden oil on growth and muscle fatty acid composition of hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis. Aquaculture 116:171-189, (10).

Harrell, R.M., J.H. Kerby, T.I.J. Smith, R.E. Stevens. 1990. Striped bass and striped bass hybrid culture: The next 25 years. In: Culture and Propagation of Striped Bass and It's Hybrids. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda MD. Pp. 253-261, (10).

Heyward, L.D., T.I.J. Smith and W.E. Jenkins. 1995. Survival and growth of white bass, Morone chrysops, reared at different salinities. J. World Aqua. Soc. 26:475-479, (3).

Hodson, R.G & T.I.J. Smith. 1988. Farming hybrid striped bass. Oceanus 31(3) 71-74, (5).

Jenkins, W.E. & T.I.J. Smith. 1985. Natural and induced spawning of striped bass. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 39:255-260, (11).

Jenkins, W. E. and T. I. J. Smith. 1998. Aquashade(r) Fails To Control Avian Predators of Pond-Cultured Juvenile Sunshine Bass (Morone chrysops ? x M. saxatilis ?). Journal of Applied Aquaculture. 8(2):63-69, (n/c).

Jenkins, W.E., L.D. Heyward Sr., T.I.J. Smith. 1998. Performance of a domesticated striped bass Morone saxatilis, palmetto bass and backcross bybrid striped bass (Sunshine bass x striped bass ) raised in a tank culture system. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 29: 505-509., (n/c)

Jenkins, W.E., T.I.J. Smith, A.D. Stokes & R.A. Smiley. 1988. Effect of stocking density of production of advanced juvenile hybrid striped bass. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 42:56-65, (6).

Parker, N.C., G.T. Klar, T.I.J. Smith, J.H. Kerby. 1990. Special considerations in the culture of striped bass and striped bass hybrids. In: Culture and Propagation of Striped Bass and It's Hybrids. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda MD. Pp. 191-215, (25).

Seals, C.J. Kempton, J.R. Tomasso, Jr. & T.I.J. Smith. 1994. Environmental calcium does not affect production or selected blood characteristics of sunshine bass reared under normal culture conditions. Prog. Fish-Cult. 56:269-272, (3).

Smith, T.I.J. 1988. Aquaculture of striped bass, Morone saxatilis and its hybrids in North America. Aquaculture Magazine Jan/Feb 40-49, (9).

Smith, T.I.J. 1989. Striped bass and its hybrids. World Aquaculture Magazine 20(1) 32-38, (7).

Smith, T.I.J. & W.E. Jenkins. 1984. Controlled spawning of F1 hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) and rearing of F2 progeny. J. World Maricul. Soc. 15:147-161, (9).

Smith, T.I.J. & W.E. Jenkins. 1985. Aquaculture research with striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and its hybrids in South Carolina. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 39:217-227, (25).

Smith, T.I.J & W.E. Jenkins. 1985. Status of aquaculture of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and its white bass hybrids and current research in South Carolina. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Warm Water Aquaculture - Finfish, Brigham Young University, 2:553-582, (16).

Smith, T.I.J. and W.E. Jenkins. 1986. Culture and controlled spawning of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) to produce striped bass and striped bass x white bass (M. chrysops) hybrids. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 40:152-162, (11).

Smith, T.I.J. & W.E. Jenkins. 1996. Regional development of hybrid striped bass aquaculture in the southeastern US. Pp. 175-179 in: T.G Heggbergett (ed.) The Role of Aquaculture in World Fisheries. Proc. World Fisheries Congress. Theme 6. Oxford IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTV, New Delhi, India, (5).

Smith, T.I.J, W.E. Jenkins & R. Haggerty. 1986. Growth and survival of juvenile striped bass (Morone saxatilis) x white bass (M. chrysops) hybrids reared at different salinities. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 40:143-151, (5).

Smith, T.I.J., W.E. Jenkins and L.D. Heyward. 1996. Production and extended spawning of cultured white bass broodstock. Prog. Fish-Cult. 58:85-91, (4).

Smith, T.I.J., W.E. Jenkins, and L. D. Heyward. 1997. Hatchery performance and reuse of domesticated white bass broodstock. Proc. 49th Ann. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Ag. 49:97-105, (n/c).

Smith, T.I.J., W.E. Jenkins, and R.V. Minton. 1990. Production of advanced fingerling and sub-adult striped bass hybrids in earthen ponds. In: Culture and Propagation of Striped Bass and It's Hybrids. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda MD. Pp. 121-139, (19).

Smith, T.I.J., W.E. Jenkins and J.F. Snevel. 1985. Production characteristics of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and F1, F2 (M. saxatilis x M. chrysops) reared in intensive tank systems. J. World Maricul. Soc. 16:104-113, (8).

Smith, T.I.J., W.E. Jenkins, A.D. Stokes & R.A. Smiley. 1989. Semi-intensive pond production of market-size striped bass x white bass hybrids. World Aquaculture Vol. 20(1), (3).

Smith, T.I.J., W.E. Jenkins, J.M. Whetstone & A.D. Stokes. 1993. A guide to pond culture of hybrid striped bass. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC, (21).

Weirich, C.R., J.R. Tomasso & T.I.J. Smith. 1992. Confinement and transport-induced stress in white bass Morone chrysops x striped bass M. saxatilis hybrids: effect of calcium and salinity. J. World Aquacul. Soc. 23:49-57, (9).

Weirich, C.R., J.R. Tomasso & T.I.J. Smith. 1993. Toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to sunshine bass in selected environments. J. Aquatic Animal Health 5:64-72, (9).

Williams, J.E., P.A. Sandifer, and J.M. Lindbergh. 1981. Net-pen culture of striped bass x white bass hybrids in estuarine waters on South Carolina: a pilot study. J. World Mariculture Soc. 12 (2): 98-110, (7).

Sturgeon

Jenkins, W.E., T.I.J. Smith, L.D. Heyward & D.M. Knott. 1993. Tolerance of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, juveniles to different salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Proc. Annu. Conf. SE Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies. 47:476-484, (5).

Smith, T.I.J. 1986. Culture of North American sturgeons for fisheries enhancement. Proc. Of 15th. U.S-Japan Mtg. On Aquaculture, Kyoto, Japan, Oct 22-23, 1986. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 85, March 1990. 85:19-27, (9).

Smith, T.I.J. & E.K. Dingley. 1984. Review of biology and culture of Atlantic (Acipenser oxyrynchus) and shortnose sturgeon (A. brevirostrum). J. World Maricul. Soc. 15:210-218, (5).

Smith, T.I.J. & W.E. Jenkins. 1991. Development of a shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, stock enhancement program in North America. Pp. 329-335. P. Williot (ed.) Proc. of Intern. Sturgeon Symposium. Bordeaux, France, (5).

Smith, T.I.J., E.K. Dingley and D.E. Marchette. 1980. Induced spawning and culture of Atlantic Sturgeon. Prog. Fish-Cult. 42(3):147-151, (5).

Smith, T.I.J., E.K. Dingley, et al. 1985. Spawning and culture of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum. J. World Maricul. Soc. 16:104-113, (5).

Smith, T.I.J., E.K. Dingley and D.E. Marchette. 1981. Culture trials with Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhinchus, in the USA. J. World Maricul. Soc. 12(2):78-87, (19).

Smith, T.I.J., L.D. Heyward, W.E. Jenkins and M.R. Collins. 1995. Culture and stock enhancement of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, in the southern United States. pp. 204-215 In: A. D. Gershanovich and T. I. J. Smith (eds). Proceedings Second International Conference on Sturgeons. VNIRO Publishing Co., Moscow, Russia. 350 pages, (11).

Smith, T.I.J., W.E. Jenkins, L.D. Heyward & E.T. Kennedy. 1994. Overview of experimental stocking program for shortnose sturgeon in the SE United States. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd, (4).

Smith, T.I. J., S.D. Lambrecht & J.W. Hall. 1990. Evaluation and tagging techniques for shortnose sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 7:134-141, (8).

Smith, T.I.J., W. Oldland, R. Hamilton and W. Jenkins. 1986. Development of nursery systems for shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum. SE Assoc. Fish & Wildl. Ag, (5).

Molluscs

Misc. Mollusc

Baldwin, R.B., W. Mook, N.H. Hadley, R.J. Rhodes and M. R. DeVoe. 1995. Construction and Operations Manual for a Tidal-Powered Upwelling Nursery System. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston. 44pp, (24).

Burrell, V. G., Jr. 1983. Molluscan aquaculture in the United States: a brief overview. J. World Maric. Soc. 14: 164-169, (3).

Burrell, V. G., Jr. and J. J. Manzi. 1987. Molluscan mariculture in South Carolina. Gulf and South Atl. Fish. Inst. Proc. 38th Ann. Mtg. Pp. 245-251, (7).

Manzi, J.J. and N.H. Hadley. 1988. Recent advances in nursery culture of shellfish in the United States. In: Sparks, A.K. (editor). New and Innovative Advances in Biology/Engineering with Potential for Use in Aquaculture. NOAA Tech. Rept. NMFS 70, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA, pp 41-46, (6).

Oyster

Burrell, V. G., Jr. 1985. Oyster culture. In: J. V. Huner and E. E. Brown, eds. Invertebrate aquaculture in the United States. AVL Publ. Co., West Port, CT, (39).

Burrell, V. G., Jr., J. J. Manzi, and W. Z. Carson. 1981. Growth and mortality of two types of seed oysters from the Wando River, South Carolina. J. Shellf. Res. 1(1): 1-7, (7).

Clams

Castagna, M. and J.J. Manzi. 1989. Clam culture in North America: Hatchery production of nursery stock clams. Pp. 111-126 In: J. Manzi and M. Castagna (eds.), Clam Mariculture in North America. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 461pp, (8).

Coutteau, P., N.H. Hadley, J.J. Manzi, and P. Sorgeloos. 1994. Effect of algal ration and substitution of algae by manipulated yeast diets on the growth of juvenile Mercenaria mercenaria. Aquaculture 120:135-150, (9).

Dillon, R. T. and J. J. Manzi. 1987. Hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, broodstocks: Genetic drift and loss of rare alleles without reduction in heterozygosity. Aquaculture 60:99-105, (4).

Dillon, R.T. and J.J. Manzi. 1988. Enzyme heterozygosity and growth rate in nursery populations of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 116:79-86, (5).

Eldridge, P.J., A.G. Eversole, and J.M. Whetstone. 1979. Comparative survival and growth rates of hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, planted in trays subtidally and intertidally at varying densities in a South Carolina estuary. Proc. Nat'l. Shellf. Assoc. 69:30-39, (11).

Eldridge, P.J., W. Waltz, R.C. Gracy, and H.H. Hunt.1976. Growth and mortality of hatchery seed clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, in protected trays in waters of South Carolina. Proc. Nat'l. Shellf. Assoc. 66:13-20, (8).

Hadley, N.H. 1988. Improving growth rates of hard clams through genetic manipulation. World Aquaculture 19(3):65, (2).

Hadley, N.H.1993. Effects of hard clam hatchery management practices on productivity and on broodstock quality. World Aquaculture 24(3): 30-31, (2).

Hadley, N.H. and J.J. Manzi. 1984. Growth of seed clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, at various densities in a commercial scale nursery system. Aquaculture 36:369-379, (10).

Hadley, N.H., R.T. Dillon, and J.J. Manzi. 1991. Realized heritability of growth rate in the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria. Aquaculture 93:109-119, (11).

Manzi, J. J. 1985. Clam aquaculture. pp. 275-310 In: J. Huner and E. Brown, eds., Crustacean and Mollusk Aquaculture in the United States. AVI Publishing Co., Westport, CT, (19).

Manzi, J.J. and M. Castagna. 1989. Nursery culture of clams in North America. Pp. 127-148 In: J. Manzi and M. Castagna (eds.), Clam Mariculture in North America. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, (11).

Manzi, J.J. and M. Castagna. 1989. Introduction. Pp 1-22 In: J. Manzi and M. Castagna (eds.), Clam Mariculture in North America. Elsevier Science Publishrs, Amsterdam, (10).

Manzi, J.J. and J.M. Whetstone.1981. Intensive hard clam mariculture: a primer for South Carolina watermen. Marine Advisory Publication 8l-0l,South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC.20pp, (12).

Manzi, J.J., V.G. Burrell, Jr. and W.Z. Carson. 1980. A mariculture demonstraion project for an alternative hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) fishery in South Carolina. Pages 79-89 In:(J.Avault,ed.) Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meet the World Maiculture Society,Vol.ll.Louisiana State University,Baton Rouge, (7).

Manzi, J. J., V. G. Burrell, Jr., H. Q. M. Clawson. 1981. Commercialization of hard clam mariculture in South Carolina: preliminary report. J. World Maric. Soc. 12(1): 181-195, (9).

Manzi, J.J., N.H. Hadley, C. Battey, R. Haggerty, R. Hamilton, and M. Carter. 1984. Culture of the northern hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne), in a commercial-scale, upflow, nursery system. J. Shellfish Research. 4 (2):119-124, (6).

Manzi, J.J., N.H. Hadley, and R.T. Dillon. 1991. Hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, broodstocks: Growth of selected hatchery stocks and their reciprocal crosses. Aquaculture 94:17-26, (10).

Manzi, J.J., N.H. Hadley, and M.B. Maddox. 1986. Seed clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, culture in an experimental-scale upflow nursery system. Aquaculture, 54:301-311, (6).

Scallops

Walker, R.L., P.B. Heffernan, J.W. Crenshaw Jr., J. Hoats. 1991. Effects of mesh size, stocking density of pearl net cultured bay scallops in shrimp ponds in South Carolina. Journal of Shellfish Research 10:465-469, (5).

Books

Browdy C.L. and J.S. Hopkins (editors). 1995. Swimming Through Troubled Water, Proceedings of the Special Session on Shrimp Farming, Aquaculture '95. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA USA. 253 pp.

Gershanovich A.D. and T. I. J. Smith (editors). Proceedings Second International Conference on Sturgeons. VNIRO Publishing Co., Moscow, Russia. 350 pages.

Hadley, N.H., J.J. Manzi, A.G. Eversole, R.T. Dillon, C.E. Battey, and N.M. Peacock. 1997. A Manual for the Culture of the Hard Clam Mercenaria spp. in South Carolina. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston. 134 pp.

Manzi, J.J. and M. Castagna (editors). 1989. Clam Mariculture in North America. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, Vol. 19. Elsevier Science Publisheres, Amsterdam, 461 pp.

Sandifer, P.A. (editor) 1991. Shrimp Culture in North America and the Caribbean. Advances in World Aquaculture, World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA. USA. 235pp.

Shumway, S.E. and P.A. Sandifer (editors). 1991. An international compendium of Scallop Biology and Culture. Advances in World Aquaculture, World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA USA. 357pp.