Characterization of the Ashepoo-Combahee-Edisto (ACE) Basin, South Carolina
References
A - E
ACE Basin Economic Forum. 1996. ACE basin economic forum: Health economy,
healthy environment: An action agenda for compatible economic development.
Walterboro, SC.
Adams, D.A. 1963. Factors influencing vascular plant zonation in North
Carolina salt marshes. Ecology 44: 445-456.
Alexander, C. and E. Wenner. 1995. Evaluating the historical record
of nonpoint source pollution in the ACE Basin and Sapelo Island National
Estuarine Research Reserves. Final Report submitted to South Carolina
Sea Grant Consortium. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources,
Marine Resources Division, Charleston, SC and Skidaway Institute of Oceanography,
Sapelo Island, GA.
Allen, DE. and C.S. Thomason. 1993. Survey and inventory of fisheries
resources in the Combahee River. Study Completion Report. Fisheries Investigations
in Lakes and Streams, District VI. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine
Resources Department, Freshwater Fisheries Division, Bonneau, SC.
Arnold, C.L. and J. Gibbons. 1996. Impervious surface coverage: The
emergence of a key environmental indicator. Journal of the American Planning
Association 62(2): 243-258.
Aucott, W.R., M.E. Davis, and G.K. Speiran. 1987. Geohydrologic framework
of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina. Water Resources Investigations,
Report 85-4271. U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, SC.
Baker, O.E. III and D.B. Carmichael, Jr. 1996. South Carolina's Furbearers.
Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries,
Columbia, SC.
Beasley, B.R., W.D. Marshall, A.H. Miglarese, J.D. Scurry, and C. Vanden
Houten. 1996. Managing resources for a sustainable future. The Edisto
River Basin Project Report. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources,
Water Resources Division, Columbia, SC.
Beatty, H.R. and J.M. Boylan. 1997. Results of the Southeast Area Monitoring
and Assessment Program - South Atlantic (SEAMAP-SA): Nearshore, day/night
trawl sampling in the coastal habitat of the South Atlantic Bight during
1987 and 1988. Special Report No. 65. South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources, Marine Resources Division, Charleston, SC.
Bell, S.S. and B.C. Coull. 1978. Field evidence that shrimp predation
regulates meiofauna. Oecologia 35: 141-148.
Bennett, S.H. and J.B. Nelson. 1991. Distribution and status of Carolina
Bays in South Carolina. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department,
Nongame and Heritage Trust Publication No. 1. Columbia, SC.
Bent, A.C. 1964. Life histories of North American cuckoos, goatsuckers,
hummingbirds and their allies. Dover Publishing Inc., New York, NY.
Blaustein, A.R., D.B. Wake, and W.P. Sousa. 1994. Amphibian declines:
Judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local
and global extinctions. Conservation Biology 8(1): 60-71.
Boesch, D.F. and R.E. Turner. 1984. Dependence of fishery species on
salt marshes: The role of food and refuge. Estuaries 7(4): 460-468.
Bryan, E.M.F. 1993. Colleton County, South Carolina: A history of the
first 160 years, 1670-1830. Florentine Press. R.L. Bryan Company, Columbia,
SC.
Burton, T.M. and G.E. Likens. 1975. Salamander populations and biomass
in the Hubbard Brook experimental forest, New Hampshire. Copeia 3: 541-546.
Calder, D. R. and B. B. Boothe, Jr. 1977a. Some subtidal epifaunal assemblages
in South Carolina estuaries. South Carolina Marine Resources Center Data
Report No. 4. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department,
Charleston, SC.
Calder, D. R. and B. B. Boothe, Jr. 1977b. Data from some subtidal quantitative
benthic samples taken in estuaries of South Carolina. South Carolina Marine
Resources Center Data Report No. 3. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine
Resources Department, Charleston, SC.
Camburn, K.E., R.L. Lowe, and D.L. Stoneburner. 1978. The haptobenthic
diatom flora of Longbranch Creek, South Carolina. Nova Hedwigia 30: 149-279.
Chowns, T. M. and C. T. Williams. 1983. Pre-Cretaceous rocks beneath
the Georgia Coastal Plain: regional implications. In G. S. Gohn
(ed.). Studies Related to the Charleston, South Carolina Earthquake of
1886: tectonics and seismicity. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper
1313. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Colleton County Land Use Planning Task Force. 1997. Draft Colleton County
land use plan. Colleton County Land Use Planning Task Force, Walterboro,
SC.
Colquhoun, D.J. 1969. Geomorphology of the lower coastal plain of South
Carolina. Report MS-15. S.C. Geological Survey, Columbia, SC.
Colquhoun, D.J. 1974. Cyclic surficial stratigraphic units of the middle
and lower coastal plains, central South Carolina. In: R.Q. Oaks
and J.R. DuBar (eds). Post-Miocene stratigraphy, central and southern
Atlantic coastal plain. Utah State University Press, Logan, UT.
Colquhoun, D.J., I.D. Woolen, D.S. Van Niewenhuise, G.G. Padgett, R.W.
Oldham, D.C. Boyland, J.W. Bishop, and P.D. Howell. 1983. Surface and
subsurface stratigraphy, structure and aquifers of the South Carolina
coastal plain. Report to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
Control, Ground Water Protection Division. U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia,
SC.
Colquhoun, D.J. and M.G. Muthig. 1991. Stratigraphy and structure of
the Paleocene and Lower Eocene Black Mingo Group, South Carolina. In:
J.W. Horton and V.A. Zullo (eds). The geology of the Carolinas. University
of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.
Conner, R.C. 1993. Forest statistics for South Carolina, 1993. Resource
Bulletin SE-141. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Southeastern Forest Experiment
Station, Asheville, NC.
Coull, B.C. 1990. Are members of the meiofauna food for higher trophic
levels. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 109(3): 233-246.
Coull, B.C. and S.S. Bell. 1983. Biotic assemblages: Populations and
communities. p 283-319. In: F.J. Vernberg and W.B. Vernberg (eds.).
The biology of crustacea. Volume 7: Behavior and ecology. Academic Press,
New York, NY.
Daily, G.C. (ed.). 1997. Nature's services: Societal dependence on natural
ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, DC.
Davis, L.V. 1978. Class Insecta. p 186-220. In: R.G. Zingmark
(ed.). An annotated checklist of the biota of the coastal zone of South
Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC.
Davis, L.V. and I.E. Gray. 1966. Zonal and seasonal distribution of
insects in North Carolina salt marshes. Ecological Monographs 36: 275-295.
Davis, R.B and R.F. Van Dolah. 1992. Charleston Harbor Estuary. Volume
I. In: Characterization of the physical, chemical, and biological
conditions and trends in three South Carolina estuaries 1970-1985. Volume
I: Charleston Haror Estuary. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston,
SC.
Dawes, C.J. 1998. Marine botany. 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
New York, NY.
Diaz, R.J. and R. Rosenberg. 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia: A review
of its ecological effects and the behavioral responses of benthic macrofauna.
Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 33: 245-305.
Doar, W. 1997. personal communication. South Carolina Department of
Natural Resources, Columbia, SC.
F - J
Field, J.G. 1983. Flow patterns of energy and matter. In: O.
Kinne (ed.). Marine ecology. Vol. V: Ocean management. Part 2: Ecosystems
and organic resources. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Fontenot, L., W. Noblet, G. Pittman, S.G. Platt, and J.M. Akins. 1996.
A survey of herpetofauna inhabiting polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated
and reference watersheds in Pickens County, South Carolina. Journal of
the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 112(1): 20-30.
Foster, W.A. and J.E. Treherne. 1976. Insects of marine salt marshes:
Problems and adaptations. In: L. Cheng (ed.). Marine insects. American
Elsevier Publishing Company, New York, NY.
Frithsen, J.B. 1989. Marine eutrophication: Nutrient loading, nutrient
effects and the federal response. University of Rhode Island, Narragansett,
RI.
Gaston, K.J., T.R. New, and M.J. Samways (eds.). 1993. Perspectives
on insect conservation. Intercept Ltd., Andover, MA.
Gibbons, J.W. and J.W. Coker. 1978. Herpetofaunal colonization patterns
of Atlantic coast barrier islands. The American Midland Naturalist 99(1):
212-233.
Gibbons, J.W. and J.R. Harrison. 1981. Reptiles and amphibians of Kiawah
and Capers Islands, South Carolina. Brimleyana 5: 145-162.
Gliessman, S.R. 1998. Agroecology: Ecological processes in sustainable
agriculture. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI.
Grant, R.R., Jr. 1974. Algae. p 16-30. In: Cooper River Survey
1973. Prepared for the E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company. Academy of
Natural Science, Philadelphia, PA.
Grobowski, J. 1998. personal communication. Westvaco Corporation, Summerville,
SC.
Hammond, D.L. and D. M. Cupka. 1977. An economic and biological evaluation
of the South Carolina pier fishery. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine
Resources Department, SC Marine Resources Center Technical Report No.
20. Charleston, SC.
Heritage Trust Database. 1997. List of threatened and endangered species.
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Freshwater Fisheries and
Wildlife Diversity Division, Columbia, SC.
Hopkins, J.S. 1991. Status and history of marine and freshwater shrimp
farming in South Carolina and Florida. In: P.A. Sandifer (ed.).
Shrimp culture in North America and the Caribbean. World Aquaculture Society,
Baton Rouge, LA.
Houser, D.S. and D.M. Allen. 1996. Zooplankton dynamics in an intertidal
salt-marsh basin. Estuaries 19(3): 659-673.
Howe, J., E. McMahon, and L. Propst. 1997. Balancing nature and commerce
in gateway communities. Island Press, Washington, DC.
Hunter, M.L. 1990. Wildlife, forests, and forestry: Principles of managing
forests for biodiversity. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Hyland, J.L., L. Balthis, C.T. Hackney, G. McRae, A.H. Ringwood, T.R.
Snoots, R.F. Van Dolah, and T.L. Wade. 1998. Environmental quality of
estuaries of the Carolinian Province: 1995. Annual statistical summary
for the 1995 EMAP-Estuaries Demonstration Project in the Carolinian Province.
NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS ORCA 123. NOAA/NOS, Office of Ocean Resources
Conservation and Assessment, Silver Spring, MD.
Hyland, J.L., T.J. Herrlinger, T.R. Snoots, A.H. Ringwood, R.F. Van
Dolah, C.T. Hackney, G.A. Nelson, J.S. Rosen, and S.A. Kokkinakis. 1996.
Environmental quality of estuaries of the Carolinian Province: 1994. Annual
statistical summary for the 1994 EMAP-Estuaries Demonstration Project
in the Carolinian Province. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS ORCA 97. NOAA/NOS,
Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment, Silver Spring,
MD.
Iversen, E.S. 1996. Living marine resources: Their utilization and management.
Chapman and Hall, New York, NY.
Jenny, H. 1941. Factors of soil formation. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Kineman, J.J. and B.O. Parks (eds.). 1996. Ecological characterization:
Recommendations of a Science Review Panel. NOAA Workshop. KGRD#32 and
NOAA CSC/10-96/001. March 9-10, 1995. National Geophysical Data Center,
Boulder, CO, and Coastal Services Center, Charleston, SC.
K - O
Kneib, R.T. 1984. Patterns of invertebrate distribution and abundance
in the intertidal salt marsh: Causes and questions. Estuaries 7: 392-412.
Knott, D.M. 1980. The zooplankton of the North Edisto River and two
artificial saltwater impoundments. M.S. Thesis. College of Charleston,
Charleston, SC.
Knott, D.M., E.L. Wenner, and P.H. Wendt. 1997. Effects of pipeline
construction on the vegetation and macrofauna of two South Carolina, USA
salt marshes. Wetlands 17(1): 65-81.
Lerberg, S.B. 1997. Effects of watershed development on macrobenthic
communities in tidal creeks of the Charleston Harbor area. M.S. Thesis.
University of Charleston, Charleston, SC.
Lewitus, A.J., E.T. Koepfler, and J.T. Morris. 1998. Seasonal variation
in the regulation of phytoplankton by nitrogen and grazing in a salt-marsh
estuary. Limnology and Oceanography 43(4): 636-646.
Marcy, B.C., Jr. and S.K. O'Brien-White (eds.). 1995. Fishes of the
Edisto River Basin, South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources, Water Resources Division. Edisto River Basin Project, Report
6. Columbia, SC.
Marple, R.T. and P. Talwani. 1993. Evidence of possible tectonic upwarping
along the South Carolina plain from an examination of river morphology
and elevation data. Geology 21: 651-654.
Marples, T.G. 1966. A radionuclide tracer study of arthropod food chains
in a Spartina marsh ecosystem. Ecology 47: 270-277.
Martin, B.S., F.A. McGuire, and L.A. Allen. 1998. Retirees' attitudes
toward tourism: Implications for sustainable development. Tourism Analysis
3: 43-51.
Mathews, T.D., F.W. Stapor Jr., C.R. Richter, J.V. Miglarese, M.D. McKenzie,
and L.A. Barclay (eds.). 1980. Ecological characterization of the sea
island coastal region of South Carolina and Georgia. Volume I: Physical
features of the characterization area. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Office of Biological Services, Washington, DC. FWS/OBS-79/40.
McCrady, E. 1897. The history of South Carolina under the proprietary
government 1670-1719. Macmillan Company, New York, NY.
McIntyre, M.P., H.P. Eilers, and J.W. Mairs. 1991. Physical Geography.
Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Meffe, G.K. and C.R. Carroll. 1994. Principles of conservation biology.
Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, MA.
Molley, M., J. Lennon, N. Drawas, and P. Herbst. 1976. Cross Florida
Barge Canal Restudy Report. Benthic macroinvertebrate and plankton communities
of the associated aquatic systems for the proposed Cross Florida Barge
Canal. Prepared for Department of Army, Jacksonville District, Corps of
Engineers, Jacksonville, FL. Environmental Research and Technology, Inc.,
Jacksonville, FL.
Monk, C.D. 1968. Successional and environmental relationships of the
forest vegetation of north-central Florida. American Midlands Naturalist
79: 441-457.
Morgan, P.H. 1974. A study of tidelands and impoundments within a three-river
delta system - The South Edisto, Ashepoo, and Combahee Rivers of South
Carolina. M.S. Thesis. University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
Municipal Association of South Carolina and South Carolina Association
of Counties. 1994. Comprehensive planning guide for local governments.
Columbia, SC.
Nixon, S.W. 1995. Coastal marine eutrophication: A definition social
causes, and future concerns. Ophellia 41: 199-219.
[NOAA] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1996. Estuarine
eutrophication survey. Volume 1: South Atlantic Region. Office of Ocean
Resources Conservation Assessment, National Ocean Service, Silver Spring,
MD.
Odum, E.P. 1997. Ecology: A bridge between science and society. Sinauer
Associates Inc., Sunderland, MA.
Orlando, S.P., P.H. Wendt, C.J. Klein, M.E. Pattilo, K.C. Dennis, and
G.H. Ward. 1994. Salinity characteristics of the South Atlantic Estuaries.
NOAA, Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment, Silver Spring,
MD.
Otto, J.S. 1989. The southern frontiers, 1607-1860: The agricultural
evolution of the colonial and antebellum South. Contributions in American
History, No. 133. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.
P - T
Payne, J.A. 1965. A summer carrion study of the baby pig Sus scrofa.
Ecology 46: 592-602.
Pechmann, J.H.K., D.E. Scott, R.D. Semlitsch, J.P. Caldwell, L.J. Vitt,
and J.W. Gibbons. 1991. Declining amphibian populations: The problem of
separating human impacts from natural fluctuations. Science 253: 892-895.
Pelton, M.R. 1975. Mammalogy. In: W.M. Campbell, J.M. Dean,
and W.D. Chamberlain (eds). Environmental inventory of Kiawah Island.
Report prepared for Coastal Shores Inc. Environmental Research Center
Inc., Columbia, SC.
Perison, D., J. Phelps, C. Pavel, and R. Kellison. 1997. The effects
of timber harvest in a South Carolina blackwater bottomland. Forest Ecology
and Management 90(2-3): 171-185.
Peterson, C.H. and J. Lubchenco. 1997. Marine ecosystems services. In:
G.C. Daily (ed.). Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems.
Island Press, Washington, DC.
Potter, E.F., J.F. Parnell, and R.T. Teulings. 1980. Birds of the Carolinas.
University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Prevost, M. 1988. Bear Island WMA management plan. South Carolina Wildlife
and Marine Resources Department, Columbia, SC.
Prevost, M. 1991. Wetland management plan for Cheeha [Chehaw]-Combahee
Plantation, Colleton County, South Carolina. Draft. Prepared for Cheeha
[Chehaw]-Combahee Plantation, Inc. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine
Resources Department, Columbia, SC.
Pullin, A.S. (ed.). 1995. Ecology and conservation of butterflies. Chapman
& Hall, London, U.K.
Quarterman, E. and C. Keever. 1962. Southern mixed hardwood forest:
Climax in the southeastern coastal plain, U.S.A. Ecological Monographs
32: 167-185.
Ragotzkie, R.A. 1959. Plankton productivity in estuarine waters of Georgia.
Report Number 6. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, University
of Texas, TX.
Rayner, D.A. 1984. Inventory of botanical natural areas in Colleton
County, South Carolina. In: Inventory of Botanical Natural Areas
in Colleton, Dorchester, Horry and Jasper Counties, South Carolina. South
Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Division of Wildlife
and Freshwater Fisheries, Nongame, Endangered Species Heritage Trust Section,
Columbia, SC.
Royce, W.F. 1996. Introduction to the practice of fishery science. Academic
Press, San Diego, CA.
Ryther, J.H. and C.B. Officer. 1981. Impact of nutrient enrichment on
water uses. In: B.J. Neilson and L.E. Cronin (eds.). Estuaries
and nutrients. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ.
Sandifer, P., J.V. Miglarese, D.R. Calder, J.J. Manzi, and L.A. Barclay
(eds.). 1980. Ecological characterization of the sea island coastal region
of South Carolina and Georgia. Volume III: Biological features of the
characterization area. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological
Services, Washington, DC. FWS/OBS-79/42.
Scholtens, B. 1999. Personal communication. College of Charleston, Charleston,
South Carolina.
Schubel, J.R. 1977. Sediment and the quality of the estuarine environment:
some observations. In: I.H. Suffet (ed.). Fate of pollutants in
the air and water environments. Part I: Mechanism of interaction between
environments and mathematical modeling and the physical fate of pollutants.
John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Scott, G.I., M.H. Fulton, D. Bearden, M. Sanders, A. Dias, L.A. Reed,
S. Sivertsen, E.D. Strozier, P.B. Jenkins, J.W. Daugomah and others. 1998.
Chemical contaminant levels in estuarine sediment of the Ashepoo-Combahee-Edisto
River (ACE) Basin National Estuarine Research Reserve and Sanctuary Site.
U.S. Department of Commerce, NOS, Charleston, SC.
Shabman, L. 1996. Land settlement, public policy, and the environmental
future of the southeast coast. In: F.J. Vernberg, W.B. Vernberg,
and T. Siewicki (eds.). Sustainable development in the southeastern coastal
zone. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC.
Sharitz, R.R. and C.A. Gresham. 1998. Pocosins and Carolina bays. In:
M.G. Messina and W.H. Conner (eds.). Southern forested wetlands: Ecology
and management. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
Shipes, D.A. 1993. The utilization of wildlife resources by hunters
licensed to hunt in South Carolina during 1991-1992 as determined by a
postal survey. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department,
Columbia, SC.
Smith, D.L. and B.C. Coull. 1987. Juvenile spot (Pices) and grass
shrimp predation on meiobenthos in muddy and sandy substrata. Journal
of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 105: 123-136.
Smith, J.W. and C.J. Moore. 1981. An inventory of access points and
areas available to saltwater recreational fishermen in coastal South Carolina,
with recommendations for upgrading and expansion of these facilities.
Submitted to SC Coastal Council for Contract #80-105. South Carolina Wildlife
and Marine Resources Department, Marine Resources Division, Charleston,
SC.
Soller, D.R. and H.H. Mills. 1991. Surficial geology and geomorphology.
p. 290-308. In: The geology of the Carolinas. University of Tennessee
Press, Knoxville, TN.
[SCDHEC] South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental and Control.
1995. State of South Carolina monitoring strategy for fiscal year 1996.
Technical Report 002-95. South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
Control, Bureau of Water Pollution Control, Columbia, SC.
[SCWRC] South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental and Control.
1997. Watershed water quality management strategy; Savannah and Salkehatchie
river basins. South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control,
Bureau of Water, Technical Report No. 003-97.
[SCWRC] South Carolina Water Resources Commission. 1972. ACE framework
study: Ashley-Combahee-Edisto River Basin. South Carolina Water Resources
Commission, Columbia, SC.
[SCWRC] South Carolina Water Resources Commission. 1983. South Carolina
state water assessment. Report No. 140. South Carolina Water Resources
Commission, Columbia, SC.
Sprunt, A. and E.B. Chamberlain. 1970. South Carolina bird life. University
of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC.
Stalter, R. 1968. Ecological study of a South Carolina salt marsh. Ph.D.
Dissertation. University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
Teal, J.M. 1962. Energy flow in the salt marsh ecosystem of Georgia.
Ecology 21: 245-252.
Thomason, C.S., D.E. Allen, and J.S. Crane. 1993. A fisheries study
of the Edisto River. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department,
Study Completion Report, Columbia, SC. Wallop-Breaux Projects F-30 and
F-32.
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1977. An inventory of South Carolina's coastal marshes.
South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Marine Resources
Center, Technical Report Number 33. Charleston, SC.
[TNC] The Nature Conservancy. 1993. ACE Basin biological inventory report,
1990-1992. The Nature Conservancy, Charleston, SC.
Trenhaile, A.S. 1997. Coastal dynamics and landforms. Oxford University
Press, New York, NY.
Turner, R.E. 1977. Intertidal vegetation and commercial yield of penaeid
shrimp. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 106: 411-415.
U - Z
[UGMI] University of Georgia Marine Institute. 1971. Notes on the natural
history and invertebrate fauna of the upper North Newport River. In:
An ecological survey of the North and South Newport rivers and adjacent
water with respect to possible effects of treated Kraft mill effluent.
Contract UGA #D2422-122. Final Report to the Georgia Water Quality Control
Board. University of Georgia Marine Institute, GA.
[USCB] U.S. Census Bureau. 1990. 1990 Census summary tape files lookup.
http://venus/census.gov.cdrom/lookup. Access date March 1999.
U.S. Department of Commerce. 1998. The regional economic information
system [CD-ROM]. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis,
Regional Economics Measurement Division, Washington, DC.
[USFWS] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996. 1996 National survey of
fishing, hunting and wildlife-associated recreation. State Overview. Washington,
DC.
Van der Valk, A.G. 1974. Environmental factors controlling the distribution
of forbs on foredunes in Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Canadian Journal
of Botany 52:1057-1073.
Van Dolah, R.F., D. Calder, F. Stapor, R. Dunlap, and C. Richter. 1979.
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway environmental studies at Sewee Bay and
North Edisto River. Marine Resources Center Technical Report No. 39. South
Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Charleston, SC.
Van Dolah, R.F., D.R. Calder, and D.M. Knott. 1984. Effects of dredging
and open-water disposal on benthic macroinvertebrates in a South Carolina
estuary. Estuaries 7: 28-37.
Van Dolah, R.F., P.H. Wendt, and M.V. Levisen. 1991. A study of the
effects of shrimp trawling on benthic communities in two South Carolina
sounds. Fisheries Research 12: 139-156.
Van Engel, W.A. and E.B. Joseph. 1968. The characterization of coastal
and estuarine fish nursery grounds as natural communities. U.S. Department
of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
Veno, P.A. 1976. Successional relationships of five Florida plant communities.
Ecology 57: 498-508.
Vernberg. F.J. and C.E. Sansbury. 1972. Studies on salt marsh invertebrates
of Port Royal Sound. In: South Carolina Water Resources Commission
(ed.). Port Royal Sound environmental study. South Carolina Water Resources
Commission, Columbia, SC.
Webster, W.D., J.F. Parnell, and W.C. Biggs Jr. 1985. Mammals of the
Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland. University of North Carolina Press,
Chapel Hill, NC.
Weinstein, M.P. 1979. Shallow marsh habitats as primary nurseries for
fishes and shellfish, Cape Fear River, North Carolina. Fisheries Bulletin
7: 339-357.
Wenner, C.A. and G.R. Sedberry. 1989. Species composition, distribution,
and relative abundance of fishes in the coastal habitat off the southeastern
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical
Report NMFS 79. Prepared by South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources
Department, Marine Resources Division, Charleston, SC.
Wenner, E.L. and C.A. Wenner. 1988. Seasonal composition and abundance
of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans form coastal habitats, southeastern
United States. Fishery Bulletin 87: 155-176.
Wenner, E.L., W.P. Coon III, P.A. Sandifer, and M.H. Shealy Jr. 1991.
A comparison of species composition and abundance of decapod crustaceans
and fishes from the North and South Edisto Rivers in South Carolina. Technical
Report No. 78. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department,
Marine Resources Division, Charleston, SC.
Wharton, C.H. 1978. The natural environment of Georgia. Georgia Department
of Natural Resources, Atlanta, GA.
Wharton, C., W.M. Kitchens, E.C. Pendleton, and T.W. Sipe. 1982. The
ecology of bottomland hardwood swamps of the southeast: A community profile.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Program, Washington,
DC. FWS/OBS-81/37.