Local Resources (Bibliography)

SCDNR publications

• Gross, A.M., and E.M. Levesque. 2014. Malaclemys terrapin centrata (Carolina diamond-backed terrapin) twinning. Herpetological Review 45(4): 689–690.

Grant Reports

• Powers, J., J.D. Whitaker, B. Gooch, and N. West. 2009a. Supplemental Examination of the Effectiveness of Modified Turtle Excluder Devices in Crab Pots Placed in Abbapoola Creek, South Carolina, p. 127–130 in  Powers, J., J.D. Whitaker, G. Gooch, N. West, and A. Von Harten (eds.), Cooperative Research in South Carolina, Final Report, December 2009, 132 p.
• Powers, J., J.D. Whitaker, B. Gooch, and N. West. 2009b. A study of the effectiveness of turtle excluder devices in crab traps. p. 54–57 in  Powers, J., J.D. Whitaker, G. Gooch, N. West, and A. Von Harten (eds.), Cooperative Research in South Carolina, Final Report, December 2009, 132 p.
• Arnott, S., J. Archambault, P. Biondo, H. DaVega, R. Evitt, B. Frazier, A. Grosse, J. Hein, J. Johnson, E. Levesque, B. Roumillat, A. Shaw, M. Taliercio, and J. Tucker. 2013. Five Year Report to the Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Advisory Committee, 138 p.
• Arendt, M.D., J.A. Schwenter, E. Levesque, A. Grosse, J.D. Whitaker, and D. Owens. 2014. Validation of Trammel Netting as a Means for Computing and Monitoring Population Trends for Diamondback Terrapins in the Charleston Harbor Complex.  2013 Annual Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, State Wildlife Grant SC-F-12AF01382, 33 p.
• Levesque, E., and A.M. Grosse. 2014. An Evaluation of Culturing Carolina Diamondback Terrapins for Responsible Stock Enhancement. 2014 Annual Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, State Wildlife Grant SC-T-F13AF01208, 3 p.
• Arendt, M.D., J.A. Schwenter, E. Levesque, A. Grosse, J.D. Whitaker, D. Owens, and K. Thorvalson. 2015. Assessment of mortality sources on diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in the Charleston Harbor estuary. 2013 Annual Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, State Wildlife Grant SC-F-12AF01382, 24 p.
• Levesque, E., and A.M. Grosse. 2015. An Evaluation of Culturing Carolina Diamondback Terrapins for Responsible Stock Enhancement. 2015 Annual Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, State Wildlife Grant SC-T-F13AF01208, 5 p.
• Arendt, M.D., J.A. Schwenter, E. Levesque, A. Grosse, J.D. Whitaker, D. Owens, and K. Thorvalson. 2016. Validation of Trammel Netting for Monitoring Population Trends and Assessment of Mortality Sources on Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in the Charleston Harbor Estuary. Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, State Wildlife Grant SC-F-12AF01382, 50 p.

Presentations

• February 2008: Southeastern Workshop of the Diamondback Terrapin Working Group, Charleston, SC
• December 2009: Southeastern Workshop of the Diamondback Terrapin Working Group, Wilmington, NC
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/NERR/pdf/TerrapinSavetheDate.pdf
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/NERR/pdf/TerrapinFlyer_2009.pdf
• September 2013: 6th Symposium on the Status, Ecology, & Conservation of Diamondback Terrapins, Seabrook Island, SC
  • Validation of trammel netting as a means for monitoring population trends for diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in the Charleston harbor estuary.
• January 2014: Behavior of diamondback terrapins in estuarine habitats. James Island Middle School, Charleston, SC.
• January 2015: Research, monitoring, and management of diamondback terrapins in South Carolina. James Island Middle School, Charleston, SC.
• March 2015: Southeast Regional Meeting of the DTWG, Brunswick, GA
  • BBRD: Better by-catch reduction devices for diamondback terrapins in crab traps.
  • Validation of trammel netting as a means for computing and monitoring population trends for diamondback terrapins in the Charleston Harbor complex.
• January 2016: BBRD: Better Bycatch Reduction Devices. James Island Middle School, Charleston, SC.
• February 2016: BBRDs: Field-testing a better bycatch reduction device for diamondback terrapins in crab traps. South Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society/South Carolina Fisheries Worker's Association Annual Meeting, Seabrook Island, SC.

SCDNR Management Documents

• GAP Analysis
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/GIS/gap/helppage.html
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/GIS/gap/mdatareptile.html
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/GIS/gap/mapping.html
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/GIS/gap/download.html
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/GIS/gap/scstatvs.xls
• State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP) - 2015
  • Coastal Zone Ecoregion
  • Priority Species
  • Species Listing
  • SWAP Profile - Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)
• Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan (CWCS) - 2005
  • Coastal Zone Habitat
  • CWCS Plan
  • Priority Species
  • Species Listing
  • CWCS Profile - Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)
• SC Natural Resource Regulations that reference terrapins
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/licenses/pdf/FY2020_HerringRules.pdf
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/licenses/pdf/FY2020_ShadRules.pdf
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/shellfish/commregs.html

Collaborations

• South Carolina Aquarium: Behavioral studies; Field Research Assistance; Outreach.
• College of Charleston: Seven graduate theses, one internship report.
  • Levesque, E.M. 2000. The distribution and ecology of the diamondback terrapin (Malachlemys terrapin) in South Carolina salt marshes. Thesis, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Lee, A.M. 2003. Reproductive biology and seasonal testosterone patterns of the diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, in the estuaries of Charleston, South Carolina. M.S. Thesis, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Estep, R. L. 2005. Seasonal movements and habitat pattern use of a diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) population. Thesis. College of Charleston. Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Blanvillain, G. 2005. Using Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin) as Sentinel Species for Mercury Monitoring in Estuaries Along the Southeast Coast of the US. Thesis, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Schwenter, J.A. 2007. Monitoring mercury in the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin): Kinetics and accumulation of an emerging global contaminant. Thesis. College of Charleston. Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Arthur, C.D. 2009. Mercury contamination along the eastern coast of the United States: Assessment of the diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, as an indicator species. Thesis, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Broyles, E. 2010. Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) of Charleston, South Carolina: Population estimate, sex ratios and distribution. Thesis, University of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Lanzieri, C. 2012. Assessing the population demographics and habitat preferences of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) within the Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge and implications for conservation. Internship Report, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.
• University of South Carolina: One dissertation
  • Hauswaldt, J.S. 2004. Population genetics and mating pattern of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) Ph.D. Dissertation. University of South Carolina. Columbia, South Carolina. 216 p.
• NERR/MIMES
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/NERR/studentresearch.html
  • https://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/minority/newsletters/mimes2003.pdf
• University of Georgia: Dr. Christine Ewers-Saucedo; barnacle classification
• United States Geological Service: Mr. Mat Denton; stable isotopes
• Hofstra University: Dr. Russ Burke; latitudinal variation in hatchling freeze tolerance

Literature Cited/References

¹ Baker, P.J., A. Thomson, I. Vatnick, and R.C. Wood. 2013. Estimating survival times for northern diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin terrapin, in submerged crab pots. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(3): 667–680.

² Harden, L.A., S.E. Pittman, J.W. Gibbons, and M.E. Dorcas. 2009. Development of a rapid- assessment technique for diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) populations using head-count surveys. Journal of Applied Herpetology 6(3): 237–245.

³ Akins, C.D., C.D. Ruder, S.J. Price, L.A. Harden, J.W. Gibbons, and M.E. Dorcas. 2014. Factors affecting temperature variation and habitat use in free-ranging diamondback terrapins. Journal of Thermal Biology 44: 63–69.

⁴ Butler, J. 2002. Population ecology, home range, and seasonal movements of the Carolina Diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin centrata, in northeastern Florida. Final Report, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Project NG96-007, 64 p.

⁵ Lanzieri, C. 2012. Assessing the population demographics and habitat preferences of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) within the Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge and implications for conservation. Internship Report, Environmental Studies Program, College of Charleston USA, 108 p.

⁶ Dorcas, M.E., J.D. Wilson, and J.W. Gibbons. 2007. Crab trapping causes population decline and demographic changes in diamondback terrapin over two decades. Biological Conservation 137:334–340.

⁷ Bishop, J. M. 1983. Incidental capture of diamondback terrapin by crab pots. Estuaries 6:426–430.

⁸ Lovich, J.E., and J.W. Gibbons. 1990. Age at maturity influences adult sex ratio in the turtle Malaclemys terrapin. Oikos 59(1): 126–134.

⁹ Gibbons, J.W., J.E. Lovich, A.D. Tucker, N.N. Fitzsimmons and J.L. Greene. 2001. Demographic and ecological factors affecting conservation and management of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in South Carolina. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4:66-74.

¹⁰ Broyles, E. 2010. Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) of Charleston, South Carolina: Population estimate, sex ratios and distribution. Thesis, University of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 68 p.

¹¹ King, P., and J.P. Ludlam. 2014. Status of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in North Inlet-Winyah Bay, South Carolina. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 13(1): 119–124.

¹² Estep, R. L. 2005. Seasonal movements and habitat pattern use of a diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) population. Thesis. College of Charleston. Charleston, South Carolina USA.

¹³ Tucker, A.D., J.W. Gibbons, and J.L. Greene. 2001. Estimates of adult survival and migration for diamondback terrapins: conservation insight from local extirpation within a metapopulation. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79: 2199–2209.

¹⁴ Hauswaldt, J.S., and T.C. Glenn. 2005. Population genetics of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). Molecular Ecology 14: 723–732.

¹⁵ Arnott, S., J. Archambault, P. Biondo, H. DaVega, R. Evitt, B. Frazier, A. Grosse, J. Hein, J. Johnson, E. Levesque, B. Roumillat, A. Shaw, M. Taliercio, and J. Tucker. 2013. Five Year Report to the Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Advisory Committee, 138 p.

¹⁶ SCDNR MRD MRRI, Inshore Fisheries Research Section. Unpublished data, 1995–2013. Data manager Dr. Steve Arnott; arnotts@dnr.sc.gov; (843) 953-9794.

¹⁷ Levesque, E.M. 2000. The distribution and ecology of the diamondback terrapin (Malachlemys terrapin) in South Carolina salt marshes. Thesis, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina

¹⁸ Lee, A.M. 2003. Reproductive biology and seasonal testosterone patterns of the diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, in the estuaries of Charleston, South Carolina. M.S. Thesis, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.

¹⁹ Hauswaldt, J.S. 2004. Population genetics and mating pattern of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) Ph.D. Dissertation. University of South Carolina. Columbia, South Carolina. 216 p.

²⁰ Schwenter, J.A. 2007. Monitoring mercury in the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin): Kinetics and accumulation of an emerging global contaminant. Thesis. College of Charleston. Charleston, South Carolina. 225 p.

²¹ Tulipani, D.C. 2013. Foraging ecology and habitat use of the northern diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) in southern Chesapeake Bay. Dissertation. The College of William and Mary/Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 224 p.

²² Butler, J.A., G.L. Heinrich, and R.A. Seigel. 2006. Third workshop on the ecology, status, and conservation of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin): Results and recommendations. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 5(2): 331–334.

²³ Isdell, R.E., R.M. Chambers, D.M. Bilkovic, M. Leu. 2015. Effects of terrestrial–aquatic connectivity on an estuarine turtle. Diversity and Distributions, 1–11. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12289

²⁴ Grosse, A.M., J.C. Maerz, J. Hepinstall-Cymerman, and M.E. Dorcas. 2011. Effects of roads and crabbing pressures on diamondback terrapin populations in coastal Georgia. The Journal of Wildlife Management 75: 762–770.

²⁵ Grosse, A. M., J. D. van Dijk, K. L. Holcomb, and J.C. Maerz. 2009. Diamondback terrapin mortality in crab pots in a Georgia tidal marsh. Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 8(1): 98–100.

²⁶ Wood, R.C. 1997. The impact of commercial crab traps on northern diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin terrapin. pp. 21 –27 in Proceedings: Conservation, Restoration, and Management of Tortoises and Turtles – An International Conference.

²⁷ Radzio, T.A., J.A. Smolinksky and W.M. Roosenburg. 2013. Low use of required terrapin bycatch reduction devices in a recreational crab pot fishery. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8: 222–227.

²⁸ Powers, J., J.D. Whitaker, B. Gooch, and N. West. 2009a. Supplemental Examination of the Effectiveness of Modified Turtle Excluder Devices in Crab Pots Placed in Abbapoola Creek, South Carolina, p. 127–130 in Powers, J., J.D. Whitaker, G. Gooch, N. West, and A. Von Harten (eds.), Cooperative Research in South Carolina, Final Report, December 2009, 132 p.

²⁹ Powers, J., J.D. Whitaker, B. Gooch, and N. West. 2009b. A study of the effectiveness of turtle excluder devices in crab traps. p. 54–57 in Powers, J., J.D. Whitaker, G. Gooch, N. West, and A. Von Harten (eds.), Cooperative Research in South Carolina, Final Report, December 2009, 132 p.

³⁰ Johnson, J. 2016. Influences on crab trap entry behavior of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) and blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus). Thesis, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.

³¹ Burger, J. 1976. Temperature relationship in nests of northern diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin terrapin. Herpetologica 32(4): 412–418.

³² Burger, J. 1977. Determinants of hatching success in diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin. The American Midland Naturalist 97(2): 444–464.

³³ Lazell, J.D., and P.J. Auger. 1981. Predation on diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) eggs by dunegrass (Ammophila breviligulata). Copeia 1981(3): 723–724.

³⁴ Feinberg, J.A., and R.L. Burke. 2003. Nesting ecology and predation of diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin, at Gateway National Recreation Area, New York. Journal of Herpetology 37(3): 517–526.

³⁵ Butler, J.A., C. Broadhurst, M. Green, and Z. Mullin. 2004. Nesting, nest predation, and hatchling emergence of the Carolina diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin centrata, in northeastern Florida. The American Midland Naturalist 152(1): 145 –155.

³⁶ Draud, M., M. Bossert, and S. Zimnavoda. 2004. Predation on hatchling and juvenile diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) by the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). Journal of Herpetology 38(3): 467–470.

³⁷ Muldoon, K.A., and R.L. Burke. 2012. Movements, overwintering, and mortality of hatchling diamond-backed terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) at Jamaica Bay, New York. Canadian Journal of Zoology 90(5): 651–662.

³⁸ Seigel, R.A. 1980. Predation by raccoons on diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin tequesta. Journal of Herpetology 14(1): 87–89.

³⁹ Wood, R., and L. Smith. Unpublished data. Predation of northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) by bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) along the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay coasts of New Jersey. Online (4 February 2016).

⁴⁰ Hanson, M.R. 2012. Food habitats of breeding bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park. Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 62 p.

⁴¹ Bondavalli, C., and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1999. Unexpected effects of predators upon their prey: The case of the American alligator. Ecosystems 2: 49–63.

⁴² Rice, A.N. 2004. Diet and condition of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in three central Florida lakes. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 89 p.

⁴³ Zimmerman, T.D. 1992. Latitudinal reproductive variation of the salt marsh turtle, the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). Thesis, The University of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 54 p.

⁴⁴ Kern, M.M., J.C. Guzy, J.E. Lovich, J.W. Gibbons, and M.E. Dorcas. 2015. Relationships of maternal body size and morphology with egg and clutch size in the diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin (Testudines: Emydidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 117(2): 295–304.

⁴⁵ Crawford, B.A., J.C. Maerz, N.P. Nibbelink, K.A. Buhlmann, T.M. Norton, and S.E. Albeke. 2014a. Hot spots and hot moments of diamondback terrapin road-crossing activity. Journal of Applied Ecology 51(2): 367–375.

⁴⁶ Crawford, B.A., J.C. Maerz, N.P. Nibbelink, K.A. Buhlmann, and T.M. Norton. 2014b. Estimating the consequences of multiple threats and management strategies for semi-aquatic turtles. Journal of Applied Ecology 51(2): 359–366.

⁴⁷ Blanvillain, G., J.A. Schwenter, R.D. Day, D. Point, S.J. Christopher, W.A. Roumillat, and D.W. Owens. 2007. Diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin, as a sentinel species for monitoring mercury pollution of estuarine systems in South Carolina and Georgia USA. Environmental Toxicology 26(7): 1441 –1450.

⁴⁸ Arthur, C.D. 2009. Mercury contamination along the eastern coast of the United States: Assessment of the diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, as an indicator species. Thesis, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 145 p.

⁴⁹ Cecala, K.K., J.W. Gibbons, and M.E. Dorcas. 2009. Ecological effects of major injuries in diamondback terrapins: implications for conservation and management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19: 421–427.

⁵⁰ SCDNR MRD. Unpublished Data; Terrapin Tagging and Examination Database. Data Manager: Mike Arendt; arendtm@dnr.sc.gov; (843) 953-9097.

⁵¹ Anderson, J.A., and A.B. Alford. 2014. Ghost fishing activity in derelict blue crab traps in Louisiana. Marine Pollution Bulletin 79(1–2): 261–267.

⁵² Bilkovic, D.M., K. Havens, D. Stanhope, and K. Angstadt. 2014. Derelict fishing gear in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia: Spatial patterns and implications for marine fauna. Marine Pollution Bulletin 80(1–2): 114–123.